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Urinary ovarian steroid excretion patterns aligned to the day of peak oestrogen excretion Day 0 are depicted for this female from 1998 to 2000 Fig. 8.6 . In all years, spontaneous oestrogen excretion increased above baseline by Day 10. In 1998 the 'control' year when no gonado-trophin treatment was administered , oestrogen concentrations during the 30-day interval preceding ovulation Days 30 to 0 ranged from 5 to 283 ng mg 1 Cr, with oestrogen returning to baseline by Day 5. In the Figure 8.4....
Assisted Reproduction
Artificial insemination with fresh semen is a valuable management tool for the captive breeding of giant pandas due to the high incidence of sexual incompatibility. It is common practice in China to combine natural breeding and AI. Generally, the one available 'breeding' male is used to copulate with the female after which she is immediately inseminated with semen from one or more males in an attempt to ensure pregnancy and promote genetic diversity. Paternity analysis has revealed that siring...
Giant Pandas Survivorship Curve
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Year Figure 21.6. Cub survival to seven days per year. The declining annual age only p 0.32 . In contrast, a detailed analysis of early survival rates over time found substantial improvements in cub survival to seven days of age Fig. 21.6 . From 1990 through 1997, cub survival decreased sharply, averaging less than 50 by 1997. Since 1998, however, survival has ranged from 73 to 90 , an improvement attributable to several factors. For instance, in 1998 and...
References Hgy
Brownstein, M. J., Carpten, J. D. and Smith, J. R. 1996 . Modulation of non-templated nucleotide addition by Taq DNA polymerase primer modifications that facilitate genotyping. BioTechniques, 20, 1004-10. Bruford, M. W and Wayne, R. K. 1993 . Microsatellites and their application to population genetic studies. Current Opinions in Genetics and Development, 3, 939-43. Callen, D. F., Thompson, A. D., Shen, Y. et al. 1993 . Incidence and origin of 'null' alleles in the AC n microsatellite markers....
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Ballou, J. D. and Foose, T.J. 1996 . Demographic and genetic management of captive populations. In Wild Mammals in Captivity, ed. D. G. Kleiman, M. Allen, K. Thompson, S. Lumpkin and H. Harris. Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press, pp. 263-83. Ballou, J. D. and Lacy, R. C. 1995 . Identifying genetically important individuals for management of genetic diversity in captive populations. In Population Management for Survival and Recovery ed. J. D. Ballou, M. Gilpin and T. Foose. New York, NY...
Info Brp
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Year Figure 21.3. Proportion of births each year being produced by captive-born or wild-caught parents. o, wild-caught parents , captive-born parents. In fact, in 2001 for the first time more offspring were produced from captive-born parents one or both captive born than wild-born counterparts one or both parents wild-born see Fig. 21.3 . However, this finding does not consider the different number of breeding-age individuals in the two groups. On a 'per-panda...
Acknowledgements
Initially, we planned to focus this book entirely on the substantial results of the Biomedical Survey organised under the umbrella of the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group CBSG of the IUCN-World Conservation Union's Species Survival Commission. However, as our work continued within China, we discovered a wealth of additional studies being conducted by both western and Chinese colleagues. Thus, the book rapidly expanded to cover a number of related topics of interest to anyone concerned...
The value and significance of vaginal cytology
barbara s. durrant, mary ann olson, autumn anderson, fernando The giant panda is seasonally monoestrus, experiencing a single oestrus with spontaneous ovulation in the spring Schaller et al, 1985 . Although natural breeding produces the majority of cubs in captivity Xie amp Gipps, 2001 , the number of sexually competent breeding males is insufficient to create or maintain a genetically diverse population Hu, 1990 Xie amp Gipps, 2001 . Inclusion of males that are behaviourally incapable of...
Info Wko
Possible pregnancy with embryonic absorption a eCG, equine chorionic gonadotrophin b hCG, human chorionic gonadotrophin c FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone. breeding season in February. Each ovary was also quiescent as visualised using the TR-500 probe extension, although there was a clear distinction in echogenicity between the cortical and medullar regions see Fig. 17.6e . Blood vessels in the medulla were visualised by colour-flow Doppler using an ultrasound system ATL HDI 1000 equipped with...
Info Iqe
Figure 10.6. Estimated relatedness R values among giant pandas of known relatedness at the China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda and the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. All wild-caught animals were assumed to be unrelated for this calculation but the complex nature of the curves indicated that this assumption was probably not true. Some animals appeared to be related to the degree expected, whereas others appeared more related than expected. Relatedness among...
Male reproductive biology in giant pandas in breeding programmes in China
jogayle howard, zhihe zhang, desheng li, yan huang, rong hou, guanghan li, meijia zhang, zhiyong ye, jinguo zhang, shiqiang huang, rebecca e. spindler, hemin zhang, david e. wildt The goal of the giant panda ex situ breeding programme is to produce healthy, genetically diverse and reproductively sound offspring. However, reproduction in this species has been poor, in part, due to lack of male libido or aggressive behaviours towards conspecific females. Although giant panda breeding facilities...
Methods For Medical Evaluations
Sixty-one animals were available for the Biomedical Survey. To allow age comparisons, we divided the population into three groups juveniles animals 1 to 18 months of age subadults 19 months to 4.5 years and adults gt 4.5 years . The rationale for the age division between the juvenile and subadult category was largely based on knowledge that young appear to be weaned in nature at about 1.5 years of age Zhu et al., 2001 . For the other division, our Biomedical Survey indicated that some males and...